At CTP Engineering, we would like to point out that in 2026, the choice of cooling tower has evolved from a simple question of "which system is better" to "which system is more suitable for which application." Both systems have different features that adapt to the technological and environmental conditions of 2026.
Differences and Application Areas of the Systems in 2026
CTP Engineering emphasizes that both systems have their own unique characteristics and that the correct choice depends on the project conditions.
Scenarios Where Closed-Loop Cooling Towers are Advantageous in 2026
One point that CTP Engineering particularly emphasizes is the "free cooling" feature offered by closed loop systems in cold climates and countries. This system can perform the cooling process completely or partially without evaporation during periods when the outside air temperature is sufficiently low. CTP Engineering predicts that this feature will become even more critical in terms of water conservation in 2026:
- Northern Europe, Canada, and Cold Climate Regions: In these regions, closed-loop systems can operate with almost zero water consumption during the winter months. CTP Engineering states that this feature is indispensable, especially for data centers and facilities requiring continuous cooling.
- Cold Regions with High Water Stress: In regions with limited water resources but cold climates, closed-loop systems can provide double savings with both the free cooling advantage and low evaporation loss. CTP Engineering believes that this combination will be preferred in more projects in 2026.
Technical Differences of Closed-Loop Systems
CTP Engineering summarizes the design and operating characteristics of closed-loop systems as follows:
Heat Transfer Surface Difference: In closed-loop systems, heat transfer takes place over large serpentine surfaces. CTP Engineering notes that many established manufacturers worldwide prefer St37 pipes in serpentine production due to their robustness and economic advantages. These pipes are tested at levels of 23 bar for high pressure resistance and then coated with hot-dip galvanizing to provide long-lasting corrosion protection. CTP Engineering states that this material and process selection provides a more favorable initial investment cost compared to copper aluminum alternatives, even though the cost of the serpentine coil is still one of the most significant cost items of the system. Differences in Operating Conditions:
- ProtectiveMeasure Requirement: CTP Engineering states that the use of antifreeze for serpentine coils exposed to the open atmosphere is mandatory in cold climates and should be considered an operational requirement.
- Water Quality Requirement: Softening the external circuit water is considered a necessary condition by CTP Engineering to maintain system efficiency.
- Energy Profile: CTP Engineering emphasizes that closed-loop systems have a different fan energy consumption profile due to thermal resistance layers, but this difference decreases during free cooling periods.
Strengths of Open-Circuit Cooling Towers in 2026
CTP Engineering believes that open-circuit systems will continue to be indispensable in industrial applications in 2026:
Efficiency and Economy: Open circuit systems, operating on the direct evaporation principle, offer the highest heat transfer efficiency, especially in industrial facilities requiring high cooling capacity, as confirmed by CTP Engineering's experience. The affordability of initial investment costs is seen by CTP Engineering as one of the main reasons for the widespread use of these systems.
Maintenance and Durability: CTP Engineering confirms that the concrete or stainless steel constructions of open circuit towers can serve for decades with proper chemical management and regular maintenance. This is a factor that positively affects the life cycle cost of the system.
Decision Criteria for 2026
CTP Engineering recommends that the following criteria be considered for the correct system selection in 2026:
- Geographical Location and Climate: In cold climate regions, the free cooling advantage of closed-circuit systems stands out, while in hot and dry climates, the high efficiency of open-circuit systems is highlighted. 2. Water Source and Cost: Closed-loop systems are more suitable in water-scarce regions, while open-loop systems are more suitable in regions where water is abundant and economical.
- Industrial Process Requirements: CTP Engineering recommends open-loop systems for processes with high heat loads and requiring consistently low temperatures, and closed-loop systems for applications requiring precise control and where process water contamination must be avoided.
- Regulationsand Sustainability Goals: CTP Engineering considers regulations regarding water use and energy efficiency.
It is predicted that these requirements will become even stricter in 2026, and it is believed that modern versions of both systems will be developed to meet these requirements. At CTP Engineering, we believe that there is no single "best system" in 2026, but rather an "optimal system" option optimized for each project's specific conditions. The right choice can only be made through a detailed needs analysis, life cycle cost calculation, and technical evaluations by companies with extensive field experience, such as CTP Engineering.
